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Sir Joseph Cook, (7 December 1860 – 30 July 1947) was an Australian politician and the sixth Prime Minister of Australia. He worked in the coal mines of Silverdale, Staffordshire during his early life, he emigrated to Lithgow, New South Wales during the late 1880s, and became General-Secretary of the Western Miners Association in 1887. A founding member of the Australian Labor Party, Cook was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as Member for Hartley on 3 July 1891.〔 Later Cook switched to the Free Trade Party, and was a minister in the cabinet of Premier George Reid from 1894 to 1899. Cook was Postmaster-General 3 August 1894 to 27 August 1898. During Australia's first federal election in 1901, Cook was elected unopposed to the federal seat of Parramatta, and served as the deputy to Reid, then Alfred Deakin, following the creation of the Commonwealth Liberal Party from Cook's and Deakin's parties. As leader of the Liberal Party, Cook became Prime Minister following the 1913 elections; but he only had a one-seat majority in the lower house and no majority at all in the upper house, so he repeatedly sought to obtain a double dissolution. The outbreak of World War I just before the September 1914 election led to a Labor victory. Following a split in the Labor party in 1916, Cook joined William Morris Hughes' Nationalist Party of Australia, and following the Nationalist victory in the 1917 election, served as Minister for the Navy, then Treasurer under Hughes. In 1921 Cook resigned from the federal parliament, and was appointed Australian High Commissioner in London. During 1928 and 1929, he headed the Royal Commission into South Australia as affected by Federation. He died in Sydney on 30 July 1947 at Bellevue Hill,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/Cook/fast-facts.aspx )〕 aged 86. ==Early years== Cook was born as Joseph Cooke to William and Margaret (née Fletcher) Cooke in Silverdale, a small mining town near Newcastle-under-Lyme. He had no formal education and worked in the coal mines from the age of nine. As a result of the Elementary Education Act, 1870, Joseph was compelled to return to his desk at the village school,St Lukes C of E School. His short experience in the local coalmine taught Joseph to appreciate what he had been missing in school and aided by Edwin Smitheman, his headmaster and his staff, the young man's intellectual activity was quickly stimulated. At the age of twelve Joseph left school a second time and returned to his former employment at the local colliery. However, as a result of Smitheman's attention, together with that of his parents, an exceptionally strong ambition to improve his position became implanted in him. This ambition was to become one of his most prominent characteristics, revealed first in a drive for self-improvement and, later on in life, his determination to succeed in politics. During his teens he embraced Primitive Methodism, and marked his conversion by dropping the "e" from his surname.〔http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/cook-sir-joseph-5763; F.K. Crowley, 'Sir Joseph Cook, 1860-1947', ""Australian Dictionary of Biography"", MUP, 1981.〕 He married Mary Turner on 8 August 1885 at Wolstanton, England; the couple had 5 sons and 3 daughters. They shortly after emigrated to New South Wales.〔http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/cook-sir-joseph-5763〕 The family settled in Lithgow and worked in the coal mines, becoming General-Secretary of the Western Miners Association in 1887. In 1888, he participated in demonstrations against Chinese immigration. He was also active in the Single Tax League and was a founding member of the Australian Labor Party in 1891. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Joseph Cook」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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